Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::seek($index) should either be compatible with SeekableIterator::seek(int $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 143

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 102

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 124

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 113

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 187

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImportPlus_RowIterator::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/CsvImportPlus/models/CsvImportPlus/RowIterator.php on line 75

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property HideElementsPlugin::$_settings is deprecated in /home/michaeld/native-history.sites.grinnell.edu/plugins/HideElements/HideElementsPlugin.php on line 58
Lesson 3: Art and Indian Removal on the Plains · Visualizing Expansion · Native History Project

Lesson 3: Art and Indian Removal on the Plains

In this lesson, students will compare John Gast's 1872 painting American Progress to Kiowa Indian Etahdleuh's sketches from Ft. Marion, Florida, where he was held with 71 other Native Americans as a prisoner from 1875 to 1878 after their forced removal from the Southern Plains, where they were perceived as a threat to white settlers. These pieces of art offer complex and conflicting perspectives on the "civilizing" of the Plains region.