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                <text>This lesson will guide students through the process of reparations and encourage them to consider questions of justice as it relates to acts of war and genocide. It will build off of the discussions and understandings from the previous lessons in order to assess the appropriate response to the Sand Creek Massacre. The students will analyze the Little Arkanasas Treaty of 1865, which provided reparations for the Sand Creek Massacre, and discuss questions of justice as it relates to genocide and war. The discussion will connect to the broader theme of reparations and reflect on the United States' attitude toward reparations and indigenous communities. This lesson is planned to take 2 days. However, if you are pressed for time, give preference to the first activity of reparations/ treaty-making, as it is a particularly insightful exercise for demonstrating their understanding of the massacre and encouraging them to tackle difficult questions related to justice and war. Allow for dissent and debate in class discussions during this activity.</text>
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                <text>This lesson will guide students through various historical interpretations of the Sand Creek Massacre, including paintings and oral history about the massacre, as well as traditional textbook descriptions of the Massacre. Through this lesson, students will understand how different types of historical documents provide different insights into events. Specifically, they will understand why textbook descriptions cannot capture the entire reality of history, and we must rely on other types of information to get a more nuanced, complete story.</text>
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                <text>The narrative of slavery in the United States centers on the horrendous acts of violence African Americans endured after being transported from Africa and continuously exploited during their time as enslaved beings. Solely focusing on the enslavement of African peoples in the United States pushes the history of Native enslavement to the margins, and perpetuates the erasure of Native American history within the context of the United States. This unit places the native slave trade at the center of discussion, which can be neatly situated within the larger context of U.S. colonialist history, alongside the history of the enslavement of African peoples. &#13;
&#13;
The Native American slave trade in the United States dates back to 15th century when Christopher Columbus encountered Native Americans for the first time. About two centuries later the 1848 California Gold Rush would prove to significantly contribute to the enslavement of Native Americans. Despite the strong narrative of disease as causes for the extinction of Native peoples, the buying, selling, and killing of Native communities played a large role in the in the decimation of the Native American population, leading to the small number of tribes/Native American communities that we see today.  This unit will focus on the impact Christopher Columbus and the Gold Rush had on various Native American Population&#13;
&#13;
This unit will also use the Native American slave trade as an example of how traumatic events like enslavement create physical, mental, and emotional trauma, which contribute to what is known as Generational Trauma. By analyzing documents that underscore the atrocities that Native peoples suffered during time of enslavement, students will be able to trace the origins of generational trauma within Native American communities today.</text>
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                <text>Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, "Protector of the Indians." Las Casas was a Spanish Catholic priest who advocated against Native American slavery after witnessing the atrocities that the Spanish conquistadors committed.</text>
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      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
